a
b c
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Tip: When the definitive l proceed a vowel, ‘ is added between the ‘l’ and the vowel 2. Doubling the First Letter. This is applied for the words starting with the letters:C, D, N, R, S, T, Z and their hard versions: Dv, Sv, Tv & Zv
Tip: No article is needed for indefinite words
|
| This is a bog boy This is a beautiful girl These are small flowers |
Hayda Svabe kbiir Hayde bint hvilwe Hawde zhur zghar |
2. Demo adjective~(article)+noun~adjective
| This boy is big That girl is beautiful These flowers are small |
Hayda ssvabe kbiir Hayde lbint hvilwe Hawde zzhur sghar |
3. we can use the demonstrative adjective ha to substitute for all Hayda, Hayde and Hawde of option 2 above.
| This boy is big That girl is beautiful These flowers are small |
Ha ssvabe kbiir Ha lbint hvelwe Ha zzhur sghar |
(back to Top)
Prepositions
| To From With In On At Near On top of / above Under/Beneath |
Xa Min Max Bi Xa Xind Hvad Fo’ Tahvt |
To the Form the With the In the On the At the Near the/ next to the On top of/ above the Under/Beneath |
Xal Minil Maxil Bil Xal Xindil Hvaddil Fo’il Tahvtil |
(back to Top)
Numbers
| One (m) One (f) Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen Fifteen Sixteen Seventeen Eighteen Nineteen Twenty Twenty-one Twenty-two Twenty-three Twenty-four Twenty-five Twenty-six |
Wahvad Wihvde Tnen Tlete Arbxa Khamse Sitte Sabxa Tmene Tisxa Xacra Hvdaxc Tnaxc Tlataxc Arbaxtaxc Khamstaxc Sittaxc Sabxtaxc Tmentaxc Tisxtaxc Xicriin Wahvad w xicriin Tnen w xicriin Tlete w xicriin Arbxa w xicriin Khamse w xicriin Sitte w xicriin |
Twenty-seven Twenty-eight Twenty-nine Thirty Forty Fifty Sixty Seventy Eighty Ninety One Hundred One Hundred one One Hundred ten One Hundred thirty two Two Hundred Three Hundred Four Hundred Five Hundred Six Hundred Seven Hundred Eight Hundred Nine Hundred Thousand Half One-forth One-third One-fifth |
Sabxa w xicriin Tmene w xicriin Tesxa w xicriin Tletiin Arbxiin Khamsiin Sittiin Sabxiin Tmeniin Tisxiin Miiyye Miiyye w wahvad Miiyye w tnen Miiyye w Tnen w tletiin Miiten Tletmiiyye Arbaxmiiyye Khamsmiiyye Sitmiiyye Sabxmiiyye Tmenmiiyye Tisixmiiyye Alf Nisv Ribix Tilit Khimis |
Tip: Only ‘one’ could be a masculine or feminine. The rest of the numbers go the same.
| One book 2 books 3 books 4 books 5 books 6 books 7 books 8 books 9 books 10 books |
Kteb Kteben Tlet Ketob Arbax Ketob Khams Ketob Sit Ketob Sabix Ketob Tmen Ketob Tisix ketob Xacir Ketob |
1 flower 2 flowers 3 flowers 4 flowers 5 flowers 6 flowers 7 flowers 8 flowers 9 flowers 10 flowers |
Zahra Zahrten Tlet zhur Arbax zhur Khams zhur Sit zhur Sabix zhur Tmen zhur Tisix zhur Xacir zhur |
Tip: When describing objects
with numbers:
. remove the vowel of the numbers that end pronouncing 3-10
. add ‘ar’ to the numbers that end pronouncing
11-19
. replace ‘yye’ with a ‘t’ for the
exact numbers of 100, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 & 900
| Masculine | Feminine | Feminine in form A | Feminine in form B | |
|
First (m) |
Awwal Tene Telit Rabix Khemis Sedis Sebix Temin Tesix Xacer lhvdaxc Ttnaxc Ttlataxc L’arbaxtaxc Lkhamstaxc |
First (f) Second (f) Third (f) Forth (f) Fifth (f) Sixth (f) Seventh (f) Eighth (f) Ninth (f) Tenth (f) Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth |
Ula Tenye Telte Rabxa Khemse Sedse Sebxa Temne Tesxa Xecra lhvdaxc Ttnaxc Ttlataxc L’arbaxtaxc Lkhamstaxc |
Awwal wihvde Tene wihvde Telit wihvde Rabix wihvde Khemis wihvde Sedis wihvde Sebix wihvde Temin wihvde Tesix wihvde Xacer wihvde lhvdaxc Ttnaxc Ttlataxc L’arbaxtaxc Lkhamstaxc |
Only ‘first’ through ‘tenth’ take gender. Starting with ‘eleventh’ both genders will just take the number in definitive form.
Possession
1. Lebanese grammar
uses an easy system to express ownership. It is equivalent
to the way we use ‘of’ article in English.
Instead of saying ‘the boys book’ we say, book
of the boy:
a. For masculine objects we use; Object (article)+owner
| The boys book The girl’s pen The girls pen This is the boy’s pen |
Kteb ssvabe Alam lbint Alam lbanet Hayda alam ssvabe |
A book of/for a boy A pen of/for a girl A pen of/for girls This is a pen for a boy |
Kteb Svabe Alam bint Alam banet Hayda alam svabe |
b. For feminine objects we use; Object +it (article)+owner
| The boys chair The girl’s flower The girls flower This is the boy’s chair |
Kirsit ssvabe Zahrit lbint Zahrit lbanet Hayde kirsit ssvabe |
A chair of/for a boy A flower of/for a girl A flower of/for girls This is a chair for a boy |
Kirsit Svabe Zahrit bint Zahrit banet Hayde kirsit svabe |
c. For masculine nouns we
use the object followed by the noun
d. For feminine nouns we use the object-it followed by the noun
| Tony’s
book Sandra’s flowers New York River Layla’s and Tom’s tree Tom’s and Sandra’s books This is Tom’s fork This is the girls house These are Flora’s book |
Kteb Tony Zhur Sandra Naher New York Cajrit Layla w Tom Ketob Tom w Sandra Hayde cawkit Tony Hayda bet lbanet Hawde kitob Flora |
Tip: Demonstrative adjectives follows the object in gender and number
Tip: The feminine objects will end with ‘it’ to make it possessed by the following owner, whatever vowel the object ends with, will turn into ‘it’.
2. Possessive suffixes are
used to indicate possession. They follow the pronoun not the
object(s)in the form but slightly differ for gender.
For the same gender of an object, same suffixes are used for
plural.
Masculine object’s suffixes
| My Your (m) Your (fem) His Her Our Your (plural) Their |
e ak ik o a na kon on |
My Book Your book Your book His book Her book Our book Your Book Their book |
Ktebe Ktebak Ktebik Ktebo Kteba Ktebna Ktebkon Ktebon |
My Books Your books Your books His books Her books Our books Your Books Their books |
Kitbe Kitbak Kitbik Kitbo Kitba Kitibna Kitibkon Kitbon |
Feminine object’s suffixes
| My Your (masculine) Your (feminine) His Her Our Your (plural) Their |
te tak ik to ta tna tkon ton |
My cup Your cup Your cup His cup Her cup Our cup Your cup Their cup |
Kibbeyte Kibbeytak Kibbeytik Kibbeyto Kibbeyta Kibbeyitna Kibbeyitkon Kibbeyton |
My cups Your cups Your cups His cups Her cups Our cups Your cups Their cups |
Kibbeyete Kibbeyetak Kibbeyetik Kibbeyeto Kibbeyeta Kibbeyetna Kibbeyetkon Kibbeyeton |
Tip: If there is a vowel before the ‘t’ and after it in the suffix, the one before it is omitted.
3. Possessive adjective:
| Mine Yours (m) Yours (f) His Hers Ours Yours (pl) Theirs |
ile ilak ilik ilo ila ilna ilkon ilon |
This is mine That is yours These are yours These are his These are hers Those are ours This is yours This is theirs |
Hayda ile Hiidek ilak Hawde ilik Hawde ilo Hawde ila Hawdiik ilna Hayda ilkon Hayda ilon |
Tip: ile variants are used too as:
A. the verb to have
for personal stuff
B. ‘for you, for me, for them etc…’
| I have hands A phone call for you (m) A book for you (f) The house have a door The school has a yard We have things here You (plr) have something They have books at home |
ile iiden ilak telefon ilik kteb lbet ilo beb lmadrase ila sehva ilna ghradv hon ilkon cii ilon kitob bil bet |
4.An ownership noun could be used to substitute the above possessive suffixes; the belonging noun ‘tabax’ which means ‘the property of’
| Mine Yours (m) Yours (f) His Hers Ours Yours (plr) Theirs |
Tabaxe Tabaxak Tbaxik Tabaxo Tabaxa Tabaxna Tabaxkon Tabaxon |
This is mine That is yours These are yours These are his These are hers Those are ours This is yours This is theirs |
Hayda Tabaxe Hiidek Tabaxe Hawde Tabaxe Hawde Tabaxo Hawde Tabaxa Hawdiik Tabaxna Hayda Tabaxkon Hayda Tabaxon |
Tip: you do not need to say Hadya tabaxe; you can just say ‘tabaxe’. That is correct for all demonstrative adjectives.
Tip: The variants of Tabaxe do not follow
the number or gender of the objects, rather they follow only
the demonstrative adjectives.
Verbs: Present, Present contenious, Future
Verbs: Past
Objects
Multi-object Phrases and Indirect Objects
Adjectives
Comparatives and Superlative
Plural
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